Citral
Limonene is a colorless or slightly yellow liquid with a strong lemon scent. It is non-rotatory. Its boiling point is 228ºC and its flash point is 92ºC. It is soluble in non-volatile oils, volatile oils, propy lene glycol and ethanol, but insoluble in glycerol and water. It is unstable in alkaline and strong acidic conditions.
| Items of insepection | Standard | Result of Inspection |
| Character | colorless to light yellow liquid ,with special aroma of lemon grass and herb. | qualified |
| Specific Density | 1.842-1.856 | 1.061 |
| Refractive Index | 1.470-1.475 | 1.608 |
| specific rotation | -3 ° -+1 ° | |
| acid value | ≤3.0 | |
| oil pump capacity | more than 93% | |
| productive technolog | ||
| steam distillation | ||
| aldehyde | more than 75%(calculate by citral C10H160,%) | |
| boiling range | 118~119°C(2666Pa). | |
| Solubility | Soluble in 70% ethanol and glacial acetic acid | qualified |
| limonene | qualified | |
| content | geraniolene: 20% | qualified |
| myrcenc: 19% | without | |
| geranialdehyde: 75%-85% | without |
It is used in the preparation of artificial lemon oil and citrus oil, as well as in the formulation of other citrus fragrances, fruit essences, cherries, coffee, plums and other food flavors. It is also widely used as an additive for dishwashing detergents, soaps and colognes. Limonene is a raw material for synthesizing violet ketone and methyl violet ketone, dihydro camphor ketone, etc.; as an organic raw material, it can be reduced to citronellol, nerol and geraniol; it can also be converted into limonocyn. In industry, it is used to manufacture vitamins A and E, and is also a raw material for phytol.