Ergothioneine (mercaptohistidine trimethyl salt, ergothioneine, EGT) is a compound discovered in 1909. It was originally found in a fungus Claviceps purpurea. The pure product is white crystals, water-soluble (0.9 mol/L can be dissolved at room temperature), and will not self-oxidize at physiological pH and in strong alkaline solutions. It exists in two isomers, namely thiol and thione.

Ergothioneine is a natural antioxidant that can protect cells in the human body and is an important active substance in the body. Natural antioxidants are safe and non-toxic and have become a hot topic of research. As a natural antioxidant, ergothioneine has entered people's field of vision. It has multiple physiological functions such as scavenging free radicals, detoxification, maintaining DNA biosynthesis, normal cell growth and cellular immunity.

Antioxidant effect
Ergothioneine is a natural amino acid derived from plants and can be accumulated in animals. Studies have shown that it has antioxidant effects. It can effectively remove -OH, chelate divalent iron ions and copper ions, prevent  from generating -OH under the action of iron ions or copper ions, and inhibit the oxidation of copper-dependent oxygenated hemoglobin. It can also inhibit the peroxidation reaction of arachidonic acid after myoglobin (or hemoglobin) is mixed with. Ergothioneine can also effectively remove hypochlorous acid, thereby preventing the inactivation of a 1-antiprotease. However, it cannot inhibit the peroxidation of lipid particles in the presence of iron ions. Studies by AKanmu D et al. show that a certain concentration of ergothioneine in the body can act as an antioxidant.

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